The surge of interest in the overall category of digital twins has led to some confusion, as tends to happen during “hype” cycles. A closer look at the cardiovascular bio-digital twin (one area of focus for my research organization) can help clarify matters. First, the existence of this niche says something. A bio-digital twin does not have to represent an entire person. Just as you can build twins of subsystems such as aircraft wings or landing gears, you can also model physiological systems—something less than an entire human body. Bio-Digital Twin: Getting The Heart Right (forbes.com)